Seminar: Islamic Architecture (Rashidun and Umayyad Eras)
1. Introduction: In the name of Allah. At the beginning of Islamic history, architecture went through various stages. In this seminar, we will discuss the differences between the Rashidun Caliphate and the Umayyad era, focusing on how architecture evolved from extreme simplicity to a sophisticated art form.
2. Topic One: Architecture in the Rashidun Era (11–41 AH): During this period, architecture was very simple and basic. Emphasis was placed solely on the function and purpose of the building, rather than its aesthetic beauty.
Key Characteristics:
• Simplicity: Minimal use of patterns and decorations.
• Natural Materials: Most buildings were constructed from mud bricks, stones, and palm wood.
• Purpose: Buildings were designed primarily for religious and social services.
Most Important Structures:
• Mosques: The expansion of the Prophet’s Mosque during the reigns of Caliphs Umar and Uthman (R.A). The style consisted of an open courtyard with pillars and a roof made of palm fronds.
• New Cities: Such as (Basra, Kufa, and Fustat), which were built mainly for military and administrative purposes.
Note: During this era, large minarets, domes, and grand decorations were not yet established.