Geopolitical Transformations in the Middle East:
A Geographical Reading in Light of Cross-Border Infrastructure Projects
Cross-border infrastructure is defined as a set of physical facilities and service networks that extend beyond the boundaries of a single state to span the territories of two or more countries, with the aim of enhancing economic, social, and political integration among them. These facilities include transport networks (roads and railways), oil and gas pipelines, electricity grids, telecommunications and internet cables, as well as waterways and ports that are interconnected within regional or international systems.
Distinctive Characteristics of Cross-Border Infrastructure:
• Regional or international nature.
• Direct economic impact.
• Geopolitical dimensions.
• Interdependence.